Current Issue : April-June Volume : 2025 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
Due to their inherent advantages, optical fiber sensors (OFSs) can substantially contribute to the monitoring and performance enhancement of energy infrastructure. However, optical fiber sensor systems often are standalone solutions and do not connect to the main energy infrastructure control systems. In this paper, we propose a solution for the digitalization of an optical fiber sensor system realized by the Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture (OPC UA) protocol and the Internet of Things (IoT) platform Insights Hub. The optical fiber sensor system is based on bidirectional incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (biOFDR) and is used for the interrogation of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays. To allow for an automated sensor identification and thus measurement procedure, an optical sensor identification marker based on a unique combination of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is established. To demonstrate the abilities of the digitalized sensor network, a field test was performed in a power plant test facility of Siemens Energy. Temperature measurements of a packaged FBG sensor fiber were performed with a portable demonstrator, illustrating the system’s robustness and the comprehensive data processing stream from sensor value formation to the cloud. The realized network services promote sensor data quality, fusion, and modeling, expanding opportunities using digital twin technology....
A sensor node fulfils a specific function inside a wireless sensor network (WSN). WSNs are characterised by a lower tolerance for errors or failures, but they are also more essential to the success of businesses and the well-being of individuals because of the inherent risks involved. Consequently, the battery life of a node would diminish, rendering it nonoperational, which is considered the most severe kind of denial of service assault. Vampire assaults, a kind of denial of service attack, may cause damage to a network, resulting in increased difficulty in detection and unnecessary energy consumption. This research proposes a new method for detecting and preventing vampire attacks by predicting energy consumption in the data path. The method uses the Extreme Learning Machine with Sleep Scheduling Algorithm (ELM_SSA), which has a fast learning speed and is well-suited for resource-limited environments such as WSNs. The sleep scheduling algorithm determines when the nodes should be active and when they can enter sleep mode to conserve energy. Nodes may be scheduled to wake up periodically to perform energy consumption measurements and collect data for anomaly detection....
Sensor networks, which are increasingly being used in a broad range of applications, constitute a measurement paradigm involving ensembles of sensors measuring possibly different quantities at a discrete sample of spatial locations and temporal points outside the laboratory. If sensor networks are to be considered as true metrology systems and the measurement results derived from them used for decision-making, such as in a regulatory context, it is important that the results are accompanied by reliable statements of measurement uncertainty. This paper gives a preview of some of the work undertaken within the European-funded ‘Fundamental principles of sensor network metrology (Fun- SNM)’ project to address the challenges of measurement uncertainty evaluation in some real-world sensor network applications. The applications demonstrate that sensor networks possess features related to the nature of the measured quantities, to the nature of the measurement model, and to the nature of the measured data. These features make conventional methods of measurement uncertainty evaluation, and established guidelines for measurement uncertainty evaluation difficult to apply. An overview of some of the modelling tools used to address the challenges of measurement uncertainty evaluation in those applications is given....
This article examines the architecture of software-defined networks (SDN) and its implications for the modern management of communications infrastructures. By decoupling the control plane from the data plane, SDN offers increased flexibility and programmability, enabling rapid adaptation to changing user requirements. However, this new approach poses significant challenges in terms of security, fault tolerance, and interoperability. This paper highlights these challenges and explores current strategies to ensure the resilience and reliability of SDN networks in the face of threats and failures. In addition, we analyze the future outlook for SDN and the importance of integrating robust security solutions into these infrastructures....
This paper presents a hybrid wireless sensor network (WSN) for agricultural monitoring. The system was set up to facilitate monitoring of crop state, weather conditions and soil characteristics in real time in accordance with the application’s needs of three communication technologies: IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee, WIFI and LTE 4G as a part of Internet of Things (IoT). Two types of sensor nodes were developed: a mobile sensor node with an optical camera and a sensor node with a soil moisture and temperature sensors. A base station operating as network coordinator was designed to control meteorological characteristics. The software of the sensor nodes has been written on the MicroPython language, the Pi Pico controller provides control and polling of peripheral devices in accordance with a given algorithm. At the base station, the data incoming from the sensor nodes have been processed with the calculation of soil parameters based on pre-set calibrations. After being processing, the data has been transmitted to the server. A Raspberry Pi 3B microcomputer and Java software are used to process data and manage the base station weather sensors. The interaction with the weather sensors has been completed in the frame of Pi4J project using the WiringPi libraries. On the server, the data has been distributed among the corresponding tables in the Agro database, each record has been assigned a unique identifier, date and time. PostgreSQL was chosen as the database management system. The choice of MicroPython determined by its simplicity and the availability of many ready-made web frameworks and libraries that facilitate the system development. For future applications, the system could be further modified and developed for precision agriculture....
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